When to watch cetaceans

Watching cetaceans is a fascinating activity, and it calls for knowing the right periods and conditions to make the most of your chances. Here is a full guide to when and how to watch these magnificent marine mammals.

Best periods by region

Northern hemisphere

Canada (Quebec, the St Lawrence)

The ideal period runs from June to October, with a peak of activity in September and October. The whales arrive between late March and early June and leave at the end of October, some of them staying until December.

The French Mediterranean

Watching is at its best from April to October. The migratory species arrive in spring and leave in autumn, while some species such as common bottlenose dolphins stay all year round.

The French Atlantic coast

In Brittany and the Bay of Biscay the best season runs from spring to autumn. Milder weather makes for more comfortable trips.

The Canary Islands

The chances of a sighting are highest between March and June. Many species are nonetheless present all year round thanks to the favourable climate.

Tropical and southern areas

Réunion

  • Humpback whales: from July to October (austral winter)
  • Dolphins: from 15 October to 15 June

French Polynesia

Humpback whales are present from late June to late November, September and October being the best months.

The Azores

Cetaceans can be seen all year round, but summer offers more favourable weather, with a calmer sea.

Madeira

Watching is possible all year round, with seasonal variation between species.

Best hours of the day

Optimal times

Morning (10am to 1pm): The most promising time, with a success rate of 96% in Madeira. Sea conditions are generally calmer.

Late afternoon: Also favourable, with a success rate of 92%. Cetaceans are often active before sunset.

Sunrise and sunset: Periods of heightened activity for many species, and in addition they offer exceptional light for watching and photography.

Ideal weather conditions

Optimal conditions

Calm sea: Light winds (below force 4 on the Beaufort scale). Westerly winds are particularly favourable because they flatten the sea.

Clear visibility: No fog, clear sky. The blows of whales are easier to spot in clear weather.

Conditions to avoid: Strong winds (above 25 knots), heavy swell, heavy rain.

Watching from the shore versus watching at sea

Advantages of watching from land

Watching from the shore has several advantages:

  • No impact on the animals
  • Free and accessible
  • No seasickness
  • Watching can go on for as long as you like

Best land-based spots

Some regions offer excellent vantage points from dry land:

  • Réunion: The “Balèn terla” app lists the best spots
  • Atlantic coast: Viewpoints along the cliffs
  • Mediterranean: Headlands and promontories with a clear view

Recommended equipment

Essential kit

Binoculars: An 8×42 or 10×42 model, avoiding higher magnifications at sea

Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, a hat, waterproof clothing

Photography: A zoom lens, a fast shutter speed (1/500s minimum), burst mode

Cetacean migration cycles

Seasonal migrations

Whales follow predictable migration cycles:

  • Summer: Feeding areas in cold water (the poles)
  • Winter: Breeding areas in warm water (the tropics)
  • Distance travelled: 10,000 to 25,000 km a year

Climate change is beginning to alter these traditional patterns, with adaptations observed in migration timing.

Species and chances of a sighting

Most frequently sighted species

Mediterranean: Striped dolphin, fin whale, common bottlenose dolphin

North Atlantic: Humpback whale, fin whale, beluga, common minke whale

Indian Ocean: Humpback whale, spinner dolphins, sperm whales

Successful watching depends largely on respecting these optimal periods, on the weather, and on choosing experienced operators who comply with the regulations in force for the protection of cetaceans.